Filing U.S. Tax Returns After Selling U.S. Property: A Must

By Jory Stern
February 08, 2017

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The Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act, or FIRPTA, governs the disposition of U.S. real property interests by foreign persons. Essentially, FIRPTA permits the IRS to tax foreign persons on dispositions of U.S. real property interests.

You can find plenty of literature concerning both the different tax rates applicable when a foreign person or corporation disposes of a U.S. real property interest and the various disclosures that foreign sellers must make to the IRS. As such, this article will focus on the FIRPTA process and the obligation of non-U.S. persons to file U.S. tax returns after a sale of U.S. property.

Generally, subject to certain exceptions, when a non-U.S. person sells a U.S. property interest, the buyer is required to remit a percentage of the gross sales price to the IRS to capture any tax that the seller may owe to the U.S. on the sale of the property. This withholding amount is typically submitted to the IRS along with Form 8288; any amount that is in excess of the tax owed to the IRS can be recaptured by a foreign seller at a later date, when they file a tax return with the IRS (Form 1040NR or 1120-F).

The IRS has released data regarding FIRPTA obligations and revealed that very few individuals are filing the U.S. tax returns associated with the withholding. On a positive note, almost one-third of the filings initiated by foreign individuals have come from Canada, with Germany, the UK and Japan amongst other countries whose sellers of U.S. real estate have filed timely returns.

However, a growing number of individuals are choosing to forgo the filing of a tax return after they dispose of U.S. property. This decision is often made by foreigners who are not subject to withholding or have had a withholding amount reduced by filing Form 8288-B. These individuals fall into one of two categories: either they are intentionally not filing the return or they are not aware that they are required to file a return. In either scenario, the IRS is still entitled to its piece of the tax pie.

Although individuals may think that “missing” the filing deadline releases them from an obligation to file, Section 26 U.S.C. 6501(c)(3) – Limitations on assessment and collection indicates that the applicable statute of limitations on not filing remains open in perpetuity. As the code states: “In the case of failure to file a return, the tax may be assessed, or a proceeding in court for the collection of such tax may be begun without assessment, at any time.”[1]This means that although foreign individuals believe that they are free and clear after the IRS does not receive their return, in reality, there is no statute of limitations associated with a failure to file.

Rather, taxpayers will be subject to any tax owed to the U.S. government in addition to hefty penalties that may result from failing to file. Add to this the ever-increasing amount of tax information being shared between the U.S. and foreign governments, and you quickly begin to realize that avoiding the IRS is a fool’s errand.

Both Altro LLP and our affiliated entity, Integrated Cross Border Tax Services, can assist you at every stage of selling U.S. property. Whether you have sold property and need to file a return or are beginning to put your home on the market, please consult one of our professionals, and we would be pleased to assist you in navigating FIRPTA and the complexities of the U.S. tax system.

[1] S. (6501(c)(3)

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Jory Stern is an Associate at Altro Levy. His practice focuses on cross border estate planning and real estate. Mr. Stern’s practice focuses on cross border estate planning and real estate. He represents clients who are purchasing property in the U.S., drafts trusts and power of attorney documents and advises clients on U.S. tax compliance and expatriation. Mr. Stern received his J.D. from Nova Southeastern University Shepard Broad College of Law. He received his undergraduate degree at Western University where he studied Philosophy. Mr. Stern is a member of the Law Society of Upper Canada & the Florida Bar, and has a Foreign Legal Consultant permit.

Déclarer la vente d’un immeuble auprès du fisc américain

Par Jory Stern
Le 16 février 2017

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La « Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act », aussi appelé la loi FIRPTA, régit la disposition d’intérêts dans des propriétés immobilières américaines par des étrangers. Cette loi permet à l’Internal Revenue Service (l’IRS), le fisc américain, de prélever un impôt sur le produit de la vente d’un intérêt dans une propriété immobilière américaine par un étranger.

Il est possible trouver une littérature abondante relativement (i) aux taux d’impositions applicables aux particuliers étrangers et aux corporations étrangères qui vendent des intérêts dans des propriétés immobilières américaines et (ii) aux diverses déclarations que des vendeurs étrangers doivent faire auprès de l’IRS. Le présent article abordera le processus sous la loi FIRPTA et l’obligation pour des non-résidents américains de produire des déclarations de revenus aux États-Unis après la vente d’une propriété immobilière américaine.

Sauf exception, lorsqu’un non-résident américain vend un intérêt dans une propriété immobilière américaine, l’acheteur est tenu de remettre un pourcentage du montant brut de la vente à l’IRS pour assurer le paiement de tout impôt américain que le vendeur pourrait devoir sur la vente de la propriété. Le montant retenu est remis à l’IRS avec le formulaire 8288; le vendeur étranger peut obtenir le remboursement de tout montant qui excède l’impôt dû à l’IRS lorsqu’il produit une déclaration de revenus à l’IRS (le formulaire 1040NR ou le formulaire 1120-F).

L’IRS a publié des données concernant les obligations sous la loi FIRPTA et a dévoilé que peu d’individus produisent les déclarations de revenus américaines qui sont associées à la retenue. Le côté positif des choses est que près d’un tiers des déclarations produites par des étrangers viennent du Canada, de l’Allemagne, du Royaume-Uni et du Japon.

Toutefois, un nombre croissant d’individus choisissent de ne pas produire une déclaration de revenus après la vente d’une propriété immobilière aux États-Unis. Cette décision est souvent prise par des étrangers qui ne sont pas assujettis à une retenue obligation ou qui peuvent obtenir la réduction du montant retenu en produisant le formulaire 8288-B. Ces individus tombent dans deux catégories : (i) les individus qui font intentionnellement défaut de produire une déclaration de revenus et (ii) les individus qui ne sont pas conscients de leur obligation de produire une déclaration de revenus. Peu importe la catégorie dans laquelle un étranger tombe, l’IRS a droit à sa part de la tarte.

Un nombre important d’individus croit que le manquement de produire une déclaration de revenus à l’intérieur du délai requis leur exempte de cette obligation. Or, cette croyance est erronée. L’aliéna U.S.C. 6501(c)(3) de l’Internal Revenue Code, la code de l’impôt américain, prévoit que cette obligation est imprescriptible. La disposition se lit comme suit : « En cas de manquement à l’obligation de produire une déclaration de revenus, l’une ou l’autre des actions peut être prise en tout temps : (1) un avis de cotisation peut être émis pour l’impôt dû ou (2) une action peut être prise devant un tribunal pour la collection de tout impôt dû sans un avis de cotisation préalable [traduction non officielle] »[1]. Si un étranger fait défaut de soumettre une déclaration de revenus pour l’année durant laquelle il a vendu une propriété immobilière, il pourra faire l’objet d’une action administrative de l’IRS ou une action en justice en tout temps.

Les contribuables qui font défaut de soumettre une déclaration de revenus seront tenus de payer tout impôt dû au fisc américain ainsi que des amendes sévères résultant du défaut de soumettre une déclaration de revenus dans les délais requis. Si vous ajoutez à ces conséquences le fait que le gouvernement américain et les gouvernements étrangers partagent de plus en plus d’informations, vous réaliserez la folie de tenter d’éviter le fisc américain.

Altro LLP SENCRL et notre entité affiliée, MCA Cross Border Advisors Inc., peuvent vous assister à chaque étape de la vente d’une propriété américaine. Si vous vendez une propriété, si vous avez besoin de produire une déclaration de revenus aux États-Unis ou si vous commencez à mettre votre propriété américaine sur le marché, veuillez consulter un de nos professionnels et il nous fera un plaisir de vous aider à naviguer la loi FIRPTA et les complexités du système fiscal américain.

[1]Internal Revenue Code, 26 U.S.C al. 6501(c)(3).

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Jory Stern is an Associate at Altro Levy. His practice focuses on cross border estate planning and real estate. Mr. Stern’s practice focuses on cross border estate planning and real estate. He represents clients who are purchasing property in the U.S., drafts trusts and power of attorney documents and advises clients on U.S. tax compliance and expatriation. Mr. Stern received his J.D. from Nova Southeastern University Shepard Broad College of Law. He received his undergraduate degree at Western University where he studied Philosophy. Mr. Stern is a member of the Law Society of Upper Canada & the Florida Bar, and has a Foreign Legal Consultant permit.

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